Of the 46 chromosomes in humans, 44 are autosomes and the remaining two are the sex chromosomes. Autosomes are all the other chromosomes in the organism. Females have two X chromosomes and males have one X and one Y chromosome. Chromosomes that determine the sex of an individual are known as sex chromosomes. Only eggs and sperms contain one set, whereas all the other cells of the body contain two sets. A cell that contains two complete sets of chromosomes is called a diploid cell, and that which contains only one set is called a haploid cell. Every human body cell contains 46 chromosomes or two complete sets. During cell division, it is essential that the DNA remains intact and gets evenly distributed among the cells. The unique structure of chromosomes helps in keeping the DNA tightly wrapped around spool-like proteins called histones. The DNA contains instructions that make each living organism unique. Each chromosome is made of protein and a single molecule of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Epigenetics 2012 7:155-163.Chromosomes are the thread-like structures present inside the nucleus of an animal cells. ![]()
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